Engine Construction

A diesel engine operates on the four-stroke cycle, similar to a petrol engine, but with significant differences in fuel ignition and power regulation. Understanding the basic components and their functions helps clarify these distinctions. How Diesel Engine Works Induction: As the piston starts its downward movement within the cylinder bore, the inlet valve opens, allowing … Read more

Compression-ignition engines, commonly known as diesel engines, are a cornerstone of automotive technology, particularly in vehicles where efficiency and durability are paramount. While many diesel engines share their basic design with petrol engines, they are specifically adapted to withstand the unique demands of diesel combustion. This article provides a concise overview of how diesel engines … Read more

The pushrod engine, also known as the overhead valve (OHV) engine, is a classic internal combustion engine configuration that has been widely used in automobiles for decades. This article explores the design, operation, and advantages of pushrod engines, explaining how they function and why they remain popular in certain applications despite the advent of newer … Read more

The overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a widely used configuration in modern internal combustion engines, known for its efficiency and simplicity in valve operation. This article explores the design, function, and advantages of OHC engines, highlighting how they differ from other valve train configurations and the benefits they offer in terms of performance and mechanical … Read more

In an engine, the correct timing and position of the valves are crucial to ensure efficient combustion and optimal performance. The camshaft plays a key role in this process by controlling the opening and closing of the valves in a synchronized manner. As the engine cycles through its four strokes, the camshaft ensures that the … Read more

V-Engines V-engines, known for their compact design, are commonly fitted in various cars, particularly those with eight or twelve cylinders, and sometimes in six-cylinder configurations. In a V-engine, the cylinders are arranged opposite each other at an angle of up to 90 degrees. This layout offers several advantages, making it a popular choice in automotive … Read more

Some engines feature horizontally opposed cylinders, which are an extension of the V-engine, with the angle widened to 180 degrees. This design offers several advantages, including reduced height and improved balance in certain aspects. The cylinders, where the pistons operate, are cast directly into the engine block. Additionally, the block includes mountings for ancillary equipment, … Read more

A car valve diagram shows the role of a valve in regulating the flow of air and fuel into the combustion chambers and expelling exhaust gases. The diagram provides a detailed view of valve, and how it works. Understanding this diagram is essential for diagnosing and repairing engine performance issues, ensuring optimal fuel combustion, and … Read more

The spark ignition engine, also known as the petrol engine, operates the principle of combustion of the air-fuel mixture ignited by a spark from a spark plug. How Spark Ignition Engine Works The operation of the spark ignition engine starts with very interesting processes. It is necessary to mix the fuel with air in a … Read more

A sump is an oil reservoir (low space) bolted to the bottom of the engine. The oil from the oil pan moves to the engine`s parts for lubricating, cleaning, and cooling of moving parts and then it pools in the sump. An oil pump is used to force supply the oil to moving engine parts. … Read more

When it comes to automobiles, one of the key factors that determine their performance is the engine power. Engine power is the ability of an engine to produce energy, which is used to propel the vehicle. It is one of the most important factors that car enthusiasts consider when buying a car. In this article, … Read more

Two-stroke engines are compact, lightweight, and incredibly efficient, making them a popular choice for everything from lawn mowers to motorcycles to chainsaws. But how do they work? In this article, we’ll take a closer look at the ingenious design of the two-stroke engine and explore its inner workings. The Basics of Two-Stroke Engines At its … Read more

Before buying oil, you should consider the following: Vehicle type: Different vehicles have different requirements when it comes to oil. Check your vehicle’s owner’s manual to determine what type and viscosity of oil is recommended. Climate: The climate in which you drive can affect the performance of your oil. If you live in a hot … Read more

Each of the engines sometimes works with changing loading. It is a reason why unbalance ensures between power and loads, and as a result, the mechanism wears earlier than required.  Nonlinear loads influence the mechanism and destroy it. Engine Speed Controller prevents unwanted imbalance. How it works The Engine Speed Controller provides stable engine speed … Read more

The efficiency of power engine depends from next parameters: crankshaft speed, compression ratio, working volume of the engine and amount of cylinders. It is fact that diesels works with large coefficient of excess air (a=1,3-1,7), so their power on the unit of working volume less then litre`s power of carburettor engine. Supercharging is used to … Read more

If you consider the stroke usually each stroke beginning and finishing in one of the dead centres. Intake Stroke The first stroke is intake. When turning the crankshaft, the piston moves down the cylinder bore from Top Dead Center (TDC) to Bottom Dead Center (BDC). There is creating a vacuum in the top of cylinder.  … Read more

Internal Combustion Engine that are used in cars are made of thousands of components, but each of which is part of engine system or engine mechanism.  These components have a role to engine work. But then, what are the major components of Internal Combustion Engine? Read on to find out! WHAT IS AN ENGINE? An … Read more

The Most Powerful Engines are the engines which have short strokes and big bores. The reason for this is worth thinking about. In order to achieve maximum engine power and produce more energy, it is necessary to increase the rev. This can be achieved by reducing the piston stroke. So, it is a fact, that … Read more

The cylinder block is a fixed, integral part of the crank mechanism (hereinafter referred to as KM), which combines the engine cylinders. It is made by casting from cast iron. Sometimes the cylinder block is cast from cast aluminum as well as magnesium alloys. In the cylinder block, the crankshaft is mounted on special supporting … Read more

The oil cooler is designed to maintain the oil temperature within the required range. It is mainly used on trucks. Oil cooler construction is not very difficult. Oil cooler are using on cars with forced and high power engines.  Oil cooler is set up before the water radiator so that when the car is moving, … Read more

The pre-heater serves to preheat the car engine before starting at low ambient temperatures and helps to reduce the wear of cylinders and pistons. The set of starting heater includes a boiler filled with coolant, a fuel tank, an electromagnetic valve, a fan with an electric motor, a glow plug, and a control panel. Before … Read more

The inlet manifold serves to supply the combustible mixture from the carburetor to the engine cylinders. They are usually cast from aluminum alloys. Inlet pipelines are heated with coolant or exhaust gas, which contributes to the evaporation of the fuel film. The exhaust pipe is designed to exhaust gas to the exhaust pipes and silencer. … Read more

Depending on the vehicle’s driving mode, the combustion process in spark ignition engines may be disrupted. Violation of the combustion process can be called detonation (spontaneous ignition). Detonation entails specific characteristic sounds and leads to a decrease in engine power and its efficiency. Detonation in the engine leads to high temperatures and pressure bursts that … Read more

For those who are interested in the car construction, and those who do not want to look stupid in the eyes of their friends motorists, we will consider the often encountered, not understandable term, engine compression and answer the question, “What is compression and what should it be?” Before fully answering this question, let’s figure … Read more

The purpose of the cylinder head In internal combustion engines, the cylinder head (cylinder head), (often referred to simply as the head) is mounted and mounted on the cylinder block. The cylinder head closes the cylinders, forming closed combustion chambers. Between the cylinder head and cylinder blocks, a cylinder head gasket is installed. The device … Read more

Valve rotation mechanism, device and purpose of the valve rotation mechanism On some engines, a valve rotation mechanism is used, whose task is to turn the valve, which prevents the formation of soot on the seating surface of the valve disc. The use of a rotational mechanism ensures long-term operation of the valves and their … Read more

Different Oil filters (primary oil filter and secondary filter) are installed in the modern engine for the oil clean and defending friction surfaces from mechanical impurities. Motor oil properties are deteriorating during operation of the engine: results viscosity and oiliness reduction. Oil contaminate with solid mechanical impurities of carbon and metal particles, which appear as … Read more

The pushrod transfers the forces from camshaft to the valve. It is made of steel or cast iron. The working surface of the pushrod is subjected to hardening and grinding to increase their durability. The wearing will be less if push rods will be cast of iron and camshaft will be cast of steel. If … Read more

The engine crankcase consists of two parts: the upper and lower. The upper part of the crankcase is cast integrally with the cylinder block. Crankshaft, camshaft and other units and parts of engine are installing into the upper part of crankcase.   The lower half of the crankcase protects the parts of the crank mechanism … Read more

Thermostat is a device that automatically supports need temperature in engine cooling system. Thermostat allows you to quickly warm up a cold engine at startup. There are liquid and solid filled thermostats. In liquid thermostats used an easily evaporating liquid (a mixture of 70% ethyl alcohol and 30% water). As solid filler, ceresin with copper … Read more

Car’s water pump is creating forced cooling fluid circulation in the cooling system of the engine. Some water pumps are structurally combine with fans and have a common drive. So the engine water pump installs on the front end of the cylinder block. The water pump housing 3 consists of two parts: one part of … Read more

A flywheel is a special mechanical device design to efficiently store kinetic energy by the working stroke. The engine flywheel serves to accumulate energy during the working stroke, rotate the crankshaft during auxiliary strokes, reduce the unevenness of the shaft rotation, smooth out the moment the parts of the crank mechanism pass through the dead … Read more

Radiator is a heat exchanger through which heat from the engine liquid is transferred to the air. The radiator consists of upper tank 9 and lower tank 15, which are connected by the core of the radiator 12. A filler neck 8, closed by a stopper 7 and a pipe for connecting a flexible hose … Read more

The cylinder of the internal combustion engine is the working chamber of the volumetric displacement. During engine operation, the internal and external parts of the cylinders experience different heating. Engine cylinder schemes a – without cylinder liner, but with short insert; b, c – with wet cylinder liner; d – with wet cylinder liner and … Read more

The main engine modes of loading are engine start, idle and light loads, medium loads, full loads and sudden transitions from small to large loads. By the starting engine is needed a very rich mixture (a=0,2-0,6) since the crankshaft rotational speed is low, and so the fuel evaporates poorly and part of it condenses on … Read more

Piston ring construction Piston rings are worn on the piston create a tightly movable connection between the piston and the cylinder. There are some kinds of piston rings: compression piston ring and oil piston ring. The first provide the required compression by reducing the amount of gases that erupt from the combustion chamber into the … Read more

Combustible mixture To form combustible mixture are using fuel and air. These components are part compound of combustible mixture so they must to be cleaning from other mechanical and other admixture. Combustible mixture – is forming mixture in carburetor include the fuel vapours and an air. The combustible mixture enters to the cylinder of engine … Read more

Engine Valves The main purpose of engine valves is opening and closing intake and exhaust holes. When intake valve is opening the fuel air mixture enters to the cylinders. And when exhaust valve is opening burned gases are expelled. Valve is an element of Valve mechanism. The valves have some types by their shape: mushroom … Read more

Camshaft in car engine The camshaft is a shaft with a series of cam lobes along its centerline in various positions. The camshaft and crankshaft rotate at different speeds e.g. the crankshaft turns at exactly twice the speed of the camshaft in four-cycle internal combustion engines. Understanding How Camshaft Works The main purpose of camshaft … Read more

Crankshaft construction Crankshaft are responsible transmits the power created inside the cylinder and combustion chamber to the transmission through the clutch. Crankshaft Diagram Crankshaft includes main bearing journals and rod bearing journals, counterweights, web of crank, flywheel flange and pulley end. Rod bearing journals provides the connect of crankshaft to connecting rod. Main bearing journals … Read more

Connecting rod. A connecting rod is a detail which connects a piston to a crankshaft in an engine. It provides reciprocating motion into rotating motion. A connecting rod converts rotating motion into reciprocating motion, too. Connecting rod construction: 1-nut; 2 –bolt; 3, 14 – oil hole; 4 – beam; 5 – bronze bush; 6 – … Read more

Piston – is a component of an engine. A piston is acted upon by the pressure of the expanding combustion gases in the combustion chamber space at the top of the cylinder. Function of a piston Function of piston is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a connecting … Read more

The engine cylinder block forms the basis framework of the water-cooled engine. Engine cylinder block is the construction that holds the cylinders and other components. It includes coolant passages and oil galleries which are nessesary for engine work supporting. What is Cylinder block? There is a cylinder block at the picture. Cylinder block is the stationary part of … Read more